Management leadership concept
Administrative leadership: the concept of administrative leadership
 |
| Management leadership concept |
Leadership constitutes an important axis on which the
various activities in both public and private organizations are based, and in
light of the growth of organizations, their large size, the complexity of their
work, the diversity and intertwining of internal relations, and their impact on
the external environment from political, economic and social influences, these
are matters that require continuing research and continuing to bring about
change and development, and these A task that can only be achieved under
conscious leadership.
Leadership concept:
Leadership is the ability to influence the behavior of group
members, coordinate their efforts, and direct them to achieve desired goals.
From the concept of leadership, we can see that leadership
consists of three basic elements:
1- The presence of a group of individuals working in a
particular organization.
2- A leader from the group members who is able to influence
their behavior and direct them.
3- A common goal that the leaders seek to achieve.
Presidency:
Leadership differs from the presidency fundamentally, and this is due to the lack of some leadership elements in the case of the presidency. A natural latent in the individual that qualifies him to influence the members of the group.
Leadership theories:
First, the trait theory:
The proponents of this theory believe that God has given a few people some characteristics, traits, and characteristics that no one else can complete, and these traits are what qualifies them to lead the group and influence the behavior of its members.
These features can be summarized as follows:
- Intelligence and quick wit - Fluency in the tongue - Self-confidence - Belief in values - Skill and good performance - Ability to adapt - Firmness - Speed in choosing appropriate alternatives - The ability to persuade and influence - Natural willingness to assume responsibility - The ability to coordinate and create unity and achieve coherence within the organization Skill in establishing good contacts and relationships inside and outside the organization Good judgment on matters The ability to distinguish the aggregated and non-aggregated aspects of the problem Honesty and integrity Emotional and mental maturity The presence of self-motivation for work and achievement Love of work and knowledge of its aspects and activities The ability to understand things Administrative skill The ability to visualize, initiate, plan, organize, estimate, select and train subordinates, and settle their disputes].
From the foregoing, it is difficult to have all of these features in an integrated manner in a particular person, although it is possible that some of them are available in one person.
In addition to these qualities and traits, leaders are presumed to be familiar with a number of acquired skills that are related to and affect the leader and his performance, namely:
1- Technical skill:
It requires the leader's specialized knowledge in a branch of science and the ability to perform well within the limits of specialization, in addition to specialized knowledge and knowledge of the nature of the organization, as well as his ability to use the tools and devices available in this specialization.
The human skill:
This skill means the leader's ability to deal with
individuals and groups, unlike technical skill, which means the ability to deal
with things.
The leader’s awareness of the tendencies and tendencies of his subordinates, his understanding of their feelings, his confidence in them, his acceptance of their suggestions, allowing them to show the spirit of innovation in their work, creating a sense of security and stability at work, meeting their requests and satisfying their needs, all of these things must form part of his daily behavior through His behavior and his dealings with his subordinates.
3- Intellectual skill: two types emerge from it:
A- Administrative skill: It is represented in the leader’s
ability to understand his work, his ability to fairly distribute work within
the organization, set performance rates and measures, achieve coordination
between all activities and different units, prepare and develop human
competencies, simplify reasons and procedures, and carry out the process of
oversight to verify the completion of work. in the best way .
B- Political skill: It is represented in the leader’s ability to perceive the interests of the public and the general objectives of the state, link with the public order, link the objectives and policies of the organization with the goals and policies of the state and society, and reconcile the various trends and pressures that exist in society and the work of the organization.
Second, the theory of the situation:
The traits and skills that are required to be available in a commander depend to a large extent on the position in which he works, and on the leadership position he occupies. The head of a government department needs skills and abilities that fall short of those needed by the military commander in the field, and this needs skills and abilities that differ from those needed by a reader. Another place in another place, rather in the same organization, the difference in the administrative levels leads to the difference in the leadership traits required at each level. The administrative leader at the top of the organizational structure needs skills and abilities that differ from those needed by a department manager or department head. The theory of the situation then links between Attributes and qualities of the leader and the managerial position through which he works. They do not deny what leadership needs in terms of characteristics and characteristics, but rather connect them to the circumstance in which the leader lives and to the managerial position he is exposed to on the basis that the factors of the situation and the variables associated with it determine the features that highlight the leader and work to achieve leadership effectiveness. .
Third: Interactive Theory:
It is a theory that focuses on combining the two previous
theories, trait theory and attitude theory. Successful leadership in this
theory does not depend on the traits that the leader has in a particular
situation, but on the leader’s ability to deal with members of the group. The
community has these traits and capabilities.
The successful leader is the one who can bring about
interaction and create integration with the members of the group, and this will
not be done except by knowing the group’s problems and requirements and then
working on solving those problems and achieving these requirements. This theory
is considered more realistic and positive in its analysis of the
characteristics of administrative leadership.
According to this theory, leadership is a process of social interaction, the characteristics of which are determined on the basis of three dimensions: the personality traits of the leader, the elements of the situation, and the requirements and characteristics of the group.
The importance of leadership:
Human societies must have a leadership that organizes their
affairs and establishes justice between them, to the extent that the Prophet,
may God bless him and grant him peace, commanded the appointment of a leader in
the least human gathering when he said, peace and blessings be upon him: “If
three go out on a journey, let them order one of them.” Narrated by Abu Dawood.
Order them all and do not separate them
opinion and there is
no difference between them.
Because of the importance of leadership, the French
commander Napoleon said: “An army of rabbits led by a lion is better than an
army of lions led by a rabbit.” Therefore, the importance of leadership lies
in:
1 It is the link between employees and the organization's
plans and future visions.
2 It is the crucible in which all concepts, strategies and
policies melt.
3 Strengthening the positive forces in the institution and
reducing the negative aspects as much as possible.
4 Controlling and solving work problems, resolving
differences and weighing opinions.
5 Development, training and care of individuals as they are
the most important resource for the institution, and individuals take the
leader as a role model for them.
6 Keeping abreast of the surrounding changes and employing
them to serve the institution.
7 Facilitate the institution to achieve the objectives set.
Driving requirements:
Driving requirements are:
1 Influence: the ability to make a change or create a
conviction.
2- Influence: the ability to cause or prevent an order, and
it is related to one's own capabilities and not to the job position.
3 Legal authority: It is the right given to the leader to act and be obeyed.
The most prominent styles of administrative leadership:
1 Participatory leadership.
2 Initial leadership.
3 Balanced leadership.
4 Democratic leadership.
5 Leadership by followers.
6- Achievement leadership.
7 tyrannical leadership.
The difference between leadership and management:
Talking about leadership is as old as history, while talking
about management did not start until the last decades of the nineteenth
century. Nevertheless, leadership is a branch of management science. Management
focuses on four main processes: planning, organizing, directing and
supervising, and controlling.